Kugeza ubu, icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga gifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri gahunda y’ubukungu ku isi ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu, impinduka zikomeye muri geopolitike, no kongera igitutu ku mutekano w’ingufu. Iterambere ry’inganda zigezweho z’amakara mu gihugu cyanjye rifite akamaro gakomeye.
Vuba aha, Xie Kechang, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishuri rikuru ry’Ubushinwa akaba n’umuyobozi wa Laboratwari nkuru y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Minisiteri y’uburezi ya kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Taiyuan, yanditse ingingo ivuga ko inganda z’imiti ya kijyambere zigezweho, nk’ingenzi mu bigize sisitemu y'ingufu, igomba "guteza imbere impinduramatwara no gukoresha impinduramatwara no kubaka sisitemu isukuye ya karuboni nkeya, itekanye kandi ikora neza" ni umurongo ngenderwaho rusange, kandi ibisabwa by'ibanze bya "isuku, karuboni nkeya, umutekano kandi neza" nibyo bisabwa by'ibanze hagamijwe iterambere ry’inganda zigezweho zamakara mugihe cya "Gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka 5". Inshingano ya “garanti esheshatu” isaba ko ingufu zikomeye zitanga ingufu mu kugarura umusaruro wose n’imibereho ndetse no kuzamura ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa.
Ikibanza cy’inganda z’inganda z’amakara mu gihugu cyanjye ntikiramenyekana neza
Xie Kechang yavuze ko nyuma y’iterambere, inganda z’inganda zigezweho mu gihugu cyanjye zateye imbere cyane. Icya mbere, igipimo rusange kiri ku isonga ryisi, icya kabiri, urwego rwibikorwa byo kwerekana cyangwa ibikorwa by’ibikorwa byakomeje kunozwa, naho icya gatatu, igice kinini cy’ikoranabuhanga kiri ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere cyangwa ruyoboye. Icyakora, haracyari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibuza iterambere ry’inganda zigezweho z’amakara mu gihugu cyanjye.
Ahantu hateganijwe iterambere ryinganda ntisobanutse. Amakara nimbaraga zingenzi zubushinwa bwihaza. Umuryango udafite ubumenyi bw’inganda zigezweho z’amakara n’inganda z’icyatsi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishobora kuba zifite isuku kandi zikora neza, kandi zigasimbuza igice cy’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, hanyuma “de-coalisation” n '“impumuro nziza y’imiti” igaragara, bigatuma inganda z’imiti y’amakara mu Bushinwa ihagaze neza ntabwo byasobanutse kandi bisobanutse, byatumye habaho impinduka za politiki no kumva ko ibigo bitwara "roller coaster".
Ibibuze imbere bigira ingaruka kurwego rwo guhangana ninganda. Inganda zikomoka ku makara ubwazo zifite ingufu nke no gukoresha neza umutungo, kandi ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije biterwa n '“imyanda itatu”, cyane cyane amazi y’imyanda y’amakara, biragaragara; bitewe ningirakamaro ya hydrogène ihindagurika (ihinduka) muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya kijyambere yamakara, ikoreshwa ryamazi n’ibyuka bihumanya ni byinshi; Bitewe numubare munini wibicuruzwa byibanze, iterambere ridahagije ryibicuruzwa binonosoye, bitandukanijwe, kandi byihariye byo hasi, inyungu zigereranya inganda ntizigaragara, kandi guhangana ntabwo bikomeye; kubera icyuho cyo guhuza ikoranabuhanga no gucunga umusaruro, ibiciro byibicuruzwa ni byinshi, kandi muri rusange imikorere iracyakomeza kunozwa nibindi
Ibidukikije byo hanze bigabanya iterambere ryinganda. Ibiciro bya peteroli nibitangwa, ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa nisoko, kugabura umutungo no gusora, gutera inkunga inguzanyo no kugaruka, ubushobozi bwibidukikije no gukoresha amazi, gaze ya parike no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya byose nibintu byo hanze bigira ingaruka kumajyambere yinganda zamakara yigihugu cyanjye. Impamvu imwe cyangwa irenze urugero mu bihe bimwe na bimwe no mu turere tumwe na tumwe ntibyabujije gusa iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’imiti y’amakara, ahubwo byanagabanije cyane ubushobozi bw’ubukungu bwo kurwanya ingaruka z’inganda zashinzwe.
Bikwiye kunoza imikorere yubukungu nubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka
Umutekano w'ingufu ni ikibazo rusange kandi gifatika kijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'Ubushinwa. Mu guhangana n’ibidukikije bigoye by’iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, iterambere ry’ingufu z’Ubushinwa risaba iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rikuraho imyanda ihumanya neza, ikoranabuhanga rihuza imyanda myinshi, hamwe no gutunganya amazi mabi. Ikoranabuhanga rya zeru n’ikoranabuhanga “gukoresha imyanda itatu” ikoreshwa mu gukoresha umutungo, rishingiye ku mishinga yo kwerekana kugira ngo igere ku nganda vuba bishoboka, kandi muri icyo gihe, ishingiye ku bidukikije byo mu kirere, ibidukikije by’amazi n’ubushobozi bw’ibidukikije, ikoresha mu buryo bwa siyansi ishingiye ku makara. inganda zikora inganda. Ku rundi ruhande, ni ngombwa gushyiraho no kunoza ingufu zishingiye ku makara n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’umusaruro w’imiti na politiki bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga neza umusaruro w’ibikorwa byo kwemeza imishinga, kugenzura ibikorwa byose na nyuma y’isuzuma, gusobanura inshingano z’ubugenzuzi, shiraho uburyo bwo kubazwa, no kuyobora no kugenzura ingufu zishingiye ku makara Iterambere ry’inganda z’imiti.
Xie Kechang yasabye ko ku bijyanye n’iterambere rya karubone nkeya, ari ngombwa gusobanura icyo inganda z’inganda zikomoka ku makara zishingiye ku makara zishobora kandi zidakora mu kugabanya karubone. Ku ruhande rumwe, birakenewe ko dukoresha byimazeyo ibyiza bya CO-yibicuruzwa byinshi murwego rwo gutunganya inganda zishingiye ku makara y’amakara no gucukumbura ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS. Kohereza mu buryo bunoze uburyo bunoze bwa CCS hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bugezweho no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS nk’umwuzure wa CO na CO-to-olefins mu kwagura imikoreshereze y’umutungo wa CO; kurundi ruhande, ntibishoboka "guterera mu mbeba" no kwirengagiza ibiranga inzira y’inganda zishingiye ku makara y’inganda zikomoka ku makara, kandi bikabuza Iterambere ry’ubumenyi ry’inganda zishingiye ku makara zishingiye ku makara risaba ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya gucika binyuze mu cyuho cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya isoko no kuzigama ingufu no kuzamura imikorere, kandi bigabanya intege nke za karubone zinganda zishingiye ku makara y’inganda zikomoka ku makara.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umutekano, guverinoma ikwiye gusobanura akamaro k’ingamba n’ahantu hashyirwa mu nganda imiti y’ingufu zishingiye ku makara nk '“ibuye rya ballast” ku mutekano w’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye, kandi igashyira ingufu mu iterambere ry’isuku kandi ryiza no gukoresha amakara nk’ibirenge kandi umurimo wibanze wo guhindura ingufu niterambere. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe ko hajyaho ishyirwaho ry’ingufu zishingiye ku makara na politiki y’iterambere ry’imiti, kuyobora udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya umutekano, no guteza imbere gahunda y’ingufu zishingiye ku makara n’inganda z’imiti kugira ngo bigere buhoro buhoro imyigaragambyo yo kuzamura, ubucuruzi buciriritse n’inganda zuzuye; Gushiraho ingamba zishingiye ku ngamba z’ubukungu n’imari hagamijwe kunoza Gushyira mu bikorwa ubukungu no guhangana ku mishinga, gukora igipimo runaka cy’ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza ingufu za peteroli na gaze, no gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza byo guteza imbere inganda z’inganda zigezweho.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imikorere ihanitse, birakenewe ko dukora ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mu nganda zikoresha ingufu za tekinoroji zishingiye ku makara nka synthesis ya olefine / aromatics, amakara pyrolysis hamwe no guhuza gazi, kandi tukamenya iterambere mu mbaraga kuzigama no kugabanya ibicuruzwa; guteza imbere cyane inganda z’inganda zishingiye ku makara n’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ingufu n’izindi nganda, kwagura urwego rw’inganda, gukora imiti yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, iranga, kandi ifite agaciro gakomeye, no kuzamura imikorere y’ubukungu, kurwanya ingaruka no guhangana; kunoza imicungire y’ubushobozi bwo kuzigama ingufu, hibandwa ku guteza imbere uruhererekane rw’ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu nk’ikoranabuhanga rito ryo gukoresha ingufu z’amashyanyarazi yo mu rwego rwo hasi, kuzigama amakara no kuzigama amazi, kunoza ikoranabuhanga, no kunoza imikoreshereze y’ingufu. (Meng Fanjun)
Kwimura kuva: Ubushinwa Amakuru Yinganda
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2020